Use of Enalapril to Prevent Myointimal Hyperplasia in Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis Access: A Descriptive, Longitudinal, Cross-sectional, Case-control Study

This chapter aims to evaluate the effect of Enalapril in preventing Myointimal Hyperplasia (MIH) in arm’s arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis access. The current descriptive, longitudinal, cross-sectional case-control study was carried out in our hospital by the vascular surgery service in partnership with the radiology service from January to May of 2017. In our study main causes of early AVF thrombosis, were diabetes and active smoking; also presenting higher MIH within those patients. Our findings on Enalapril as a risk factor for MIH are inconclusive, yet patients in the Enalapril group had lower myointimal complex measurements and less AVF early failure.