ISO Violates the First Energy Law and Denies Physical Dimensions Based on Standard 14577 for Mechanics

The physically founded FN = kh3/2 relation is the foundation of the quantitative conical/pyramidal depth-sensing indentation, without fittings, iterations, or simulations. The linear plot with excellent regression's constant k (penetration resistance, mN/
m3/2) eliminates early surface effects, indicates significant phase transition onsets, conversion and activation energies, and reveals severe errors. These possibilities are absent from the failing Sneddon theory of ISO, which also ignores shear-force work and breaks the first energy law from almost fifty years. The denied but strictly quantified loss of energy (20% for physical h3/2; 33.33% at believed h2) violates the first energy law and disregards the loss of energy for the penetration. The correction factors h1/2 and 0.8 are applied via joint maximal force to the FE-simulated ISO hardness, and ISO modulus that unduly rely on h2, to give approximately the physically founded values with their correct dimensions. Hphys is directly obtained from the loading curve regression using previously corrected k-values. Previous incomplete corrections are rectified. Discussions of the new dimensions and daily risk responsibilities resulting from the ISO versus physics conundrum take into account the influence that hardness and modulus have on all mechanical characteristics in relation to technology, biology, medicine, and everyday life.