WATER-RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CROP CARE IN SANDY SOILS

Effective use of land resources, especially desert sands and sandy soils, is becoming an important and very urgent task in the consistent solution of the increasingly globalizing problem of food supply of the world's population associated with its high growth rate (up to 11 billion by the end of the century).

Aim: After all, the development of water-resource-saving agricultural technologies for the determination and care of low-water, fertile and core crops suitable for these soil and climatic conditions is of important scientific and practical importance.

Our research is aimed at solving this urgent problem, with the help of field and laboratory studies, we studied the technologies of sowing, fertilizing and irrigating cotton, sunflower, soybean, peanuts, beans, potatoes and carrots.

Results: When cultivating sunflower in desert sandy soils, 4,362 m3/ha (1,144 m3/ha) less water was consumed than in traditional crops (26.2%).

In particular, with intensive soy sunflower sowing, joint care for sunflower and grain lasting 2-3 days, during the period before sunflower harvesting, the total number of irrigating decreased by 1 time and water savings were achieved by an average of 730 m3/s hectares.

At the same time, a total of 4395 m3 / ha of water was used for the two crops, and 2177 m3 / ha (about 50%) of river water could be saved without causing inconvenience to soil and crops due to the use of ditch water in the ratio 1:1.

In terms of the length of the growth period of soybean sowing, when sown in pure form, a total of 6 times irrigating is allowed, while 4332 m3/ha of water was spent, while in the ratio of 1:1 without harmful consequences, 2577 m3/ha of river water was saved.

The owners of soybeans managed to plant carrots and grow two crops, spending an additional 731 m3/ha of water on their content.

With sequential care of legumes and peanuts, the total number of irrigation decreased by half, seasonal water consumption - up to 1606 m3/ha, or 19.7%, while caring for peanuts up to 11 times, subject to permissible irrigation - up to 8145 m3/ha and water consumption - up to 1606 m3/ha.

Also, due to the use of water, the drainage ditch in the ratio of 1:1 managed to save 3256 m3/ha of river water.

Thanks to these technologies, 22.9-38.7% of the cost of caring for crops was saved.

Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it was concluded that yields are very low, extremely unfavourable for agriculture, reducing mineralization in desert sandy soils, contributing to high water-resource-saving and economic efficiency by jointly caring for sunflower and soybean crops, soybean and carrot crops, as well as eliminating water shortages.