AMELIORATION OF GENTAMICIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY USING ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACT FROM Otostegia fruticosa LEAVES IN ALBINO RATS

Nephrotoxicity is an injury to the kidney it associated with impaired kidney function may be due to oxygen free radicals produced by drugs, chemical, and non-infectious agents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate Otostegia fruticosa (O. fruticosa) leaves for fractionation of flavonoids compounds and phenolic acids using HPLC and also the determination of essential oil using GC-MS. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity was determined from the O. fruticosa leaves extract in mice. Moreover, the biological experiment was performed to assess the ameliorative effect of essential oil extract from O. fruticosa leaves at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

The results revealed that the O. fruticosa leaves extract was the highest containt of flavonoids as hispertin, kampferol, narengin, rutin, apigenin, rosmarinic and quercetrin. Total phenolic compounds were showed that the vanillic, pyrogallol, salycilic and catechein acids were the highest amounted in O. fruticosa leaves extract. The essential oils from O. fruticosa leaves extract as 2,5Dimethyl-p-cymene, 2-Allyl-4-methyl phenol, Apiol and Isolongipholene were the highest followed by Isocalamendiol, β-Caryophyllene, Limonene, γ-terpineol, α-Copaene, β-citronellol, Pulegone and α-Himachalene, respectively.

The acute toxicity experiment demonstrated that the essential oils from O. fruticosa leaves extract had no significant toxic effect in rats after administered at doses until 5000 mg/kg b.wt and sub-acute toxicity test confirmed that the O. fruticosa leaves the safety of the extract at the given dose.

The effect of essential oils from O. fruticosa leaves on antioxidant enzymes including GPx, SOD and CAT in rats suffering kidney damage groups, the results showed that the control positive group exhibited a significant decrease and the highest in the control negative group for antioxidant enzymes activity and also the different rat groups were fed administered orally essential oil extract from O. fruticosa increased gradually for antioxidant enzymes activity. In addition, essential oil of O. fruticosa leaves improved the kidney functions and some levels in the different nephrotoxicity rats groups. These results were confirmed by histological examination of the kidney this study concluded that the essential oil from O. fruticosa leaves extract protect the kidney from gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and thus substantiate the beneficial effects attributed traditionally to this plant.