THE ROLE OF miR-92a, PI3K/Akt/mTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY, TFFs, AND NAG-1 IN GASTRIC MUCOSA INJURY

The prevalence of stomach diseases is tremendously high, which has a significant impact on human health. Damaged gastric mucosa is more susceptible to injury, leading to bleeding and perforation,eventually exacerbating the underlying disease. Gastric ulcer (GU) is a common disease of the digestive system and is mainly caused by an imbalance between protective and aggressive factors of the gastric mucosa. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancer worldwide and has a high recurrence rate and mortality rate. Therefore, it is very important to protect the gastric mucosa. However, conventional medications that protect the gastric mucosa can cause mild side effects. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have shown that miRNAs, PI3K/AKt/mTOR, TFFs and NAG-1 are involved in the process of gastric mucosa lesion, but the relationship between these are not clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development of GCs. A recent study showed a significant increase in miR-92a expression in several cancers, including GC. Targeted therapies are needed for a more effective treatment of oncological diseases. PI3K/AKT/Mtor signaling pathway inhibitors include single and dual inhibitors. Many PI3K inhibitors have performed well in preclinical studies, and have entered clinically trials for hematological malignancies and solid tumors. As multiple inhibitors are developed, further studies on predictive biomarkers are needed to measure the specificity of any therapeutic intervention. Here, we briefly review recent knowledge about the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the roles of miR-92a and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors in gastric cancer. We also discuss recent efforts on the mechanisms of chemical factors that regulate the gastric mucosa, such as, TFFS; NAG-1, and future perspectives on gastric mucosa protection are discussed.