Value of CHA2DS2-VASC Score as Predictor of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: PCI necessitates the usage of iodinated contrast agent which in some cases is accompanied by CIN and the potential for worse outcomes. The current study aimed to use the CHA2DS2-VASc score with its simple and available components as a predictor of risk of developing CIN in NSTEMI cases who will undergo PCI.

Methods: This single center observational study was conducted on 200 cases diagnosed with NSTEMI who were subjected to primary PCI. The basic level of serum Cr was detected at time of admission followed by monitoring for 48 h, and seven days following the approach to detect the occurrence of CIN. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography are assessed to all patients.

Results: At cut off ≥2 (area under curve (AUC)=0.649), CHA2DS2-VASc could be used as a predictor for post-PCI CIN with sensitivity and specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 77.6%, 52.3%, 34.5%, 87.8% and 58.5% respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between occurrence of CIN and all the studied factors (female sex, HTN, DM, anemia, CHF, hemoglobin (HBG), pre-existing renal disease, previous stroke, pre-creatinine, 48hrs and 7 days post-creatinine, pre glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cha2ds-vasc score and dehydration) with exception of age and vascular disease (p>0.05) being non-significant. Contrast volume, CHA2DS VASC score, metformin use, eGFR after 48h and ACEI /ARB II antagonists ’inhibitor use were significant independent predictors for CIN.

Conclusions: In NSTEMI cases who are subjected to PCI, CHADS2 VASC score ≥ 2 is accompanied by a high risk for CIN and in hospital morbidity and mortality. CHA2DS2-VASC score is considered a useful novel, easy, and reliable method to anticipate CIN in NSTEMI cases undergoing urgent P.