Assessing Genetic Variability in Cowpea Yield Components and Seed Quality Parameters; A Comprehensive Review

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important leguminous crop with significant economic and nutritional value. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the genetic diversity observed in cowpea populations with a focus on yield components and seed quality parameters. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a crucial legume crop known for its nutritional value and adaptability to various agroecological conditions. Understanding the genetic variability within cowpea populations is essential for crop improvement programs aimed at enhancing yield components and seed quality parameters. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the methods used to assess genetic variability in cowpea, focusing specifically on yield components such as plant height, pod length, and seed weight, as well as seed quality parameters including protein content, amino acid composition, and mineral nutrient levels. Various factors influencing genetic variability in cowpea, such as domestication history, breeding systems, and environmental factors, are discussed. The implications of genetic variability for cowpea breeding and the development of improved varieties with enhanced yield and nutritional quality are also examined. Overall, this review highlights the importance of genetic variability assessment in cowpea for sustainable agriculture and food security.