A Concise Review of Sorbent Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

The rise in Industrialization all over the world today has been matched with an equivalent rise in the amount of CO2 being released to the atmosphere. The deleterious effect of CO2 ranging from global warming, ocean acidification, sea-level rise, and climate change has inspired researchers to seek ways of ameliorating this negative effect and has led to extensive research on possible adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture. Currently, amine-based CO2 capture processes are widely used in most process plants for capturing CO2, however it is prone to so many disadvantages such as high energy cost for absorbent regeneration, corrosion, and loss of amine due to degradation and evaporation during the on-stream period which generates pollutants. This necessitates the need for more research into other possible efficient and less costly adsorption materials. This work takes a review on some of these other adsorbents that have being extensively studied such as metal salts, metal oxides, hydrotalcites, double salts, carbon, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes and mesoporous silica. Parameters noted for these materials are CO2 adsorption capacity, selectivity, thermal stability, chemical stability, and mechanical stability.