Systemic Evaluation of Anti-diabetics, Anti-Inflammatory and Secondary Metabolite Potentials of Aframomum melegueta [Roscoe] K.

This research work helps to investigate systemic evaluation of anti-diabetics,, anti-Inflammatory and Secondary metabolite potential of stem, leaf-sheath, Fruit-pulp and seed Extracts of Aframomum melegueta. Diabetes mellitus is characterized as metabolic disorders which increases glucose levels (hyperglycemia) of blood, due to failings in insulin secretion and related resistance to its actions. Fresh plant samples of Aframomum melegueta were harvested from the reserved forest of Akungba Akoko Ondo State (Nigeria) on February 4th, 2020 early in the morning. Dried and pulverized samples were extracted by cold ethanol maceration method for 48 hours. The medicinal potentials were determined using Kim”s and Demoraes, Leelaprakash”s and Perry”s, Priya”s and Babu’s method of analysis. The leaf-sheath has the highest inhibition percentage for α-glucosidase (79.58%) in this study while the stem has the lowest inhibition (25.60%) percentages. In all the parameter investigated, the seed extract has the highest inhibition percentage (46.21%, 33.25%, 45.11% and 39.84%) while Stem has the lowest percentage (8.23, 21.01, 22.18, and 20.52%). It is definite that the seed has the largest percentage concentration of Anti-Inflammatory potentials in Aframomum melegueta (Heat induced haemolysis, Antiproteinase, Hypotonicity-induced haemolysis, and Inhibition of albumin denaturation). The most prominent components observed in Aframomum melegueta were Flavonoids, Terpenoids and Cardiac glycosides while fewer components present were Anthocyanin and Beta cyanin. This research work supports herbal usage of Aframomum melegueta to reduce the menace of diabetics, inflammatory activity of malignant cells caused by diabetes mellitus in human system and in formulation of synthetic drug the plant supplements for therapeutic purposes.